Автор работы: Пользователь скрыл имя, 29 Сентября 2013 в 17:58, автореферат
Роль этих видов в биогеоценозах имеет разносторонний характер. Как первичные консументы копытные млекопитающие способны оказывать значительное влияние на формирование и продуктивность фитоценозов. Представители этого отряда — основные жертвы крупных хищников, обитающих на этих территориях. Копытные млекопитающие, как прокормители клещей, кровососущих насекомых и хозяева других паразитов участвуют в распространении опасных для человека и сельскохозяйственных животных природно-очаговых заболеваний.
ВВЕДЕНИЕ
Глава I. Материалы и методика
Глава II. Распространение, численность и территориальное 14 распределение
Глава III. Биотопическое распределение. Сезонные перемещения. 56 Участок обитания
Глава IV. Структура популяций копытных, плодовитость, смертность
Глава V. Использование и охрана копытных млекопитающих
195. Dallas J.F. Estimation of microsatellite mutation rates in recombinant inbred strains of mouse //Mammalian genome. 1992. Vol. 3. P. 452-456.
196. Danilov P.I. Moose and wolf// Alces. 1992. P. 219.
197. Danilov P.I. Wild forest rendeer {Rangifer tarandus fennicus Lonnb.) in the Russian European North. Rangifer Report 2003. No. 7. P. 37.
198. Danilov P.I., Markovsky V.A. Forest reindeer (Rangifer tarandus fennicus Lonnb.) in Karelia // Acta zool. Fennica. 1983. 175. P. 29-34.
199. Ellegren H. Polymerase-chain-reaction (PCR) analysis of microsatellites a new approach to studies of genetic relationships in birds // Auk. 1992. Vol. 109. P. 886-895.
200. Erkinaro, E., Heikura, K., Lindgren, E., Pulliainen, E. & Sulkava, S. Occurrence and spread of the wild boar (Sus scrofa) in eastern Fennoscandia // Memoranda Societatis pro Fauna et Flora Fennica. 1982. Vol. 58. P. 39-47.
201. Franklin E.R. Evolutionary change in small populations // Conserv. Biol. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland. 1980. P. 135-149.
202. Haagenrud H., Morow K., Nygren K., Stalfelt F. Management of moose in Nordic countries // Swedish Wildlife Research. Proceedings Second Intern. Moose Symposium. 1987. Part 1. P. 635-642.
203. Haagenrud H, Lordahl L Sex differential in populations of Norwegian moose (Alces alces) // Medd Nor Viltf. 1979. P. 1-19/
204. Heikkila, R., Nygren, K., Harkonen, S. Mykkanen, A. Characteristics of habitats used by a female moose in the managed forest area // Acta Theriologica 1996. Vol. 41. P. 321-326.
205. Heikkinen S. Hirven vuosi (The year of the moose) // Suomen Riista — 2000. No 46. P. 82-91.
206. Heikura K. Metsapeurastako metsastettava? // Metsastaja. 1993. №3. P. 12-14.
207. Heikura K. Some aspects on the recent changes in the Kuhmo-Kamennojeozero subpopulation of the wild forest reindeer {Rangifer tarandus fennicus Lonnb.) // Lab.Zool. Inst, of Biology Karelian Research Center RAS. Petrozavodsk. (Manuscript)
208. Hundermark K.J., Johns P.E., Smith M.H. Genetic diversity of moose from the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska. Alces. 1992. Vol. 28 P. 15-20.
209. Hundermark K.J., Shields G.F., Udina I.G., Bowyer R.T., Danilkin A.A., Schwartz C.C. Mitichondrial phylogeography of moose (Alces alces): late Pleistocene divergence and population expansion // Molec. Phyl. And evol. 2002. V.22. №3. 375-387.
210. Hundertmark K.J., Bowyer R.T., Shields G.F., C.C.Schwartz, Smith M.H. Colonization history and taxonomy of moose alces alces in southern Alaska inferred from mtDNA variation // Wildl. Biol. 2006. Vol. 12. № 3. P. 331-338.
211. Kankaanpaa S. Metsakauris-tiheydet riistanhoito-yndistyksissa. // Metsastaja. 1999. №1. P. 18-21.
212. Kojola I. Metsapeura. // Riistan jaljille. Helsinki, 1996. S. 113-116.
213. Kojola I. Petojen vaikutus metsapeurakannooissa (Summary: The impact of large carnivores on wild forest reindeer population in Finland) // Suomen Riista. 2007. Vol. 53. S. 42-47.
214. Kojola I., Huitu O., Toppinen K., Heikura K., Heikkinen S., Ronkainen S. Predation on European wild forest reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) by wolves {Canis lupus) in Finland //J. of Zoology. 2004. Vol. 263. P. 229-235.
215. Kojola I., Tuomivaara J., Heikkinen S., Heikura K., Kilpelainen K., Keranen J., Paasivaara A., Ruusila V. European wild forest reindeer and wolves: endangered prey and predators // Ann. Zool. Fennici. 2009. Vol. 46. P. 416-422.
216. Lavsund S. Moose relationships to forestry in Finland, Norway and Sweden. Swedish Wildl. res. suppl. 1987. Vol. 1. P. 229-244.
217. Lavsund S., Nygren T., Solberg E. Status of moose populations and challenges to moose // Alces. 2003. Vol. 39. P. 109-130.
218. Lemel J, Truve J, Soderberg B. Variation in ranging and activity behaviour of European wild boar Sus scrofa in Sweden. Wildl. Biol 2003. Vol. 9. P. 29-36.
219. Luoma M. Metsakauriin ravinnonkaytto ja vahingot maa- ja metsataloudelle (Summary: Food selection of roe deer and damage caused to agriculture and forestry) // Suomen Riista. 2004. Vol. 50. S.76-83.
220. Markgren G. Reproduction of moose in Sweden. Viltrevy. 1969. Vol. 6. P. 127-299.
221. Mech L.D. The wolves of Isle Royale // Fauna of the National Parks of the United States. Washington D.C. 1969. № 7. 210 p.
222. Mech L.D. The wolf: the ecology and behavior of an endangered species //N.Y.: Amer. Mus. of Natural History. 1970. 884 p.
223. Meredith E.P., Rodzen J.A., Banks J.D. et al. Microsatellite analysis of three subspecies of elk (Cervus elaphus) in California // Journal of Mammalogy. 2007. V. 88. №3. p. 801-808.
224. Miller C.R., Waits L.P. The history of effective population size and genetic diversity in the Yellowstone grizzly (Ursus arctos): Implications for conservation // PNAS. 2003. Vol. 100. P. 4334-4339.
225. Mikko S., Anderson L., Low maijor histicompatibility complex class II diversity in European and North American moose // Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 1995. №92. P. 4259-4263.
226. Myrgerbert S. Merkingsresulate XVI. Returns of game species marked by the Norwegian Hunting and Fishing Association, 1947-1962 // Medd. States Viltundersokelser. Ser. 2. 1965. № 21. P. 1 24.
227. Montonen M. Suomen peura // Porvoo. 1974. 117 p.
228. Tuomivaara, J., Heikura, K. Tuoreimmat tiedot Kainuun metsapeurakannan kehityksesta. Metsastaja. 2008. Vol. 3 P. 48-49.
229. Nygren T. The history of moose in Finland // Swedish Wildlife Research Suppl. 1. 1987. P. 49-54.
230. Nygren T., Pesonen M. The moose population (Alces alces L.) and methods of moose management in Finland, 1975-89 // Finnish Game Research. -1993. No 48. P. 46-53.
231. Nygren T. Hirvi (Alces alces) II Riistan jaljille. Helsinki, 1996. S. 103108.
232. Nygren T. The potential for multiple fecundity of moose in Finland // Alces. 2003. Vol. 39. P. 89-107.
233. Ostgard J. Status of moose in Norway in the 1970's and early 1980's // Swedish Wildlife Research, Suppl. 1 1988. P. 63-68.
234. Pimlott, D.H. Reproduction and production of Newfoundland moose. Journal of Wildlife Management. 1959. Vol. 23. P. 381-401.
235. Pimlott D. Wolf predation and ungulate population // Amer. Zool. 1967. Vol. 7. № 2. P. 267-278.
236. Pullianen E. Occurrence and spread of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus L.) in eastern Fennoscandia since 1970 // Mem. Soc. Fauna et flora fenn. 1980. Vol. 56, № l.P. 28-32.
237. Pulliainen E., Danilov P., Heikura K., Erkinaro E., Sulkava S., Lindgren E. The familiar area hypothesis and movement patterns of wild forest reindeer in Karelia, Northen Europe // Rangifer, Special Issue. 1986. No 1. P. 235240.
238. Randveer, T., Hekkila R. Damage caused by moose (Alces alces L.) by bark stripping of Picea abies. Scandinavian jornal of forest research. 1996. Vol. 11. P. 153-158.
239. Roed K.H. Microsatellite variation in Scandinavian Cervidae using primers derived from Bovidae// Hereditas. 1998. V. 129. P. 19-25.
240. Ryman N., Beckman G., Bruun-Petersen G., Reuterwall C. Variability of red cell enzymes and genetic implications of management policies in Scandinavian moose {Alces <2/c&s).Hereditas. 1977. Vol. 85. P. 157-162.
241. Ryman N., Reuterwall C., Nygren K., Nygren T. Genetic variation and differentiation in Scandinavian moose {Alces alces): are large mammals monomorphic. Evolution. 1980. Vol. 34. P. 1037-1049.
242. Sade. S. Twinning rate and foetal sex ratio of moose Alces alces in Estonia during low density and increasing population phases in relation to maternal age// Wildlife biology. 2004. Vol. 10. P. 295-300.
243. Saether B., Engen S., Solberg E. Optimal harvest of age-structured population of moose Alces alces in a fluctuating environment. Wildl. Biol. 2001. Vol. 7. №3. P. 171-179.
244. Sandegren, F., Bergstrom, R. S wean or, P.Y. Seasonal moose migration related to snow in Sweden // Alces. 1985. Vol. 21. P. 321- 338.
245. Schwartz, C.C., and K.J. Hundertmark. Reproductive characteristics of Alaskan moose. Journal of Wildlife Management 1993. Vol. 57. P. 454-468.
246. Schmolckeand U. Zachos F.F. Holocene distribution and extinction of the moose (Alces alces, Cervidae) in Central Europe. Elsevier GmbH. 2005.
247. Siivonen L. Vesikko. Hilleri. Suomen nisakkaat, 2. Helsinki, 1972.
248. Soule M.E. Thresholds for survival: maintaining fitness and evolutionary potential // Conserv. Biol. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland., 1980. P. 151-169.
249. Strangaard H. The roe deer population at Kalo and the factors regulating its size // Dan. Rev. Game Biol. 1972. Vol. 7. P. 1-205.
250. Sulkava S. Population of the wild forest reindeer, Rangifer tarandus fennicus Lonnb. 1909, in Finland // Proc. 2nd Intern. Reindeer Caribou symp. Norway, 1979. P. 681-684.
251. Sweanor P.Y. Winter ecology of a Swedish moose population: social behavior, migration and dispersal. M.Sc Thesis, Swedish Univ. Agric. Sci., Dep. Wildl. Ecol., Uppsala, 1987. 94 p.
252. Sylven S. Management and Regulated Harvest of Moose {Alces alces) in Sweden // Doctoral thesis Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala 2003. 36 p.
253. Tautz D., Trick M., Dover D.A. Cryptic simplisity in DANN is a major source of genetic variations // Nature. 1986. Vol. 322. P. 652-656.
254. Tegengren H. En utdôd lappkultur i Kemi lappmark // Acta Acad. Aboensis Humaniora. 1952. Vol. XIX, No 4. P. 1-284.
255. ThurÇell H., Ball J., Âhlén P., Kornacher P., Dettki H., Sjôberg K. Habitat use and spatial patterns of wild boar Sus scrofa (L.): agricultural fields and edges // Eu Wildlife research . 2009. Vol. 55. P. 517-523.
256. Tonisson J., Randveer T. Monitoring of moose-forest interactions in Estonia as a tool for game management decisions // Alces. 2003. Vol. 39. P. 255
257. Weber J., May P. Abundant class of human DNA polymorphism which can be typed using polymerase chain reaction // Amer. J. Hum. Gen. 1989. Vol. 44. P. 388-396.
258. Weber J.L., Wang C. Mutation of human short tandem repeats // Human Mol. Genetics. 1993. V. 2. P. 1123-1128.
259. Wikman M. Riistakannat 2009. Riistaseurantojen tulokset. Helsinki, 2009. 48 p.261.
Научная библиотека
диссертаций и авторефератов disserCat
http://www.dissercat.com/