Автор работы: Пользователь скрыл имя, 16 Апреля 2014 в 23:28, контрольная работа
A recent seminar in Budapest on the management of time in business concluded that senior managers are not always using their working time efficiently. Managers know that they can replace old or obsolete equipment and that people who leave a company can be replaced. But lost time can never be replaced. So managers must learn to manage time - their own time and the time of other people in the company - more carefully.
Дисциплина "Иностранный язык в профессиональной сфере"
Контрольная работа
1. Прочтите статью, переведите ее устно.
Managers and Time
A recent seminar in Budapest on the management of time in business concluded that senior managers are not always using their working time efficiently. Managers know that they can replace old or obsolete equipment and that people who leave a company can be replaced. But lost time can never be replaced. So managers must learn to manage time - their own time and the time of other people in the company - more carefully.
One speaker at the three-day seminar, Dr Jaroslav Lentzer of the Prague-based International Management Forum, claimed that some companies were spending over 40% of time on tasks which were unnecessary or which could be completed in less time. He gave the example of one company in the service sector where office staff spent over half the working day socializing with each other or at "meetings" which had no practical purpose.
"Time", said Dr Lentzer, "is one of the most important resources a manager has. Most companies know what time their workers arrive in the morning and go home at night. But very few companies know how much time their employees spend on useful work."
He told delegates that effective time management must begin with a study of how a manager uses his or her time at the moment. He gave the example of a Canadian bank which issues each manager with a logbook where they record daily activities. Managers are told to write down everything they do during the working day, including apparently trivial tasks like
taking phone messages for colleagues. Managers do this for a four week period. Then the completed logbook is sent to a time management consultant who carefully examines the information. This helps the bank to decide how effectively each manager is using his time.
Dr Lentzer thinks that if more companies use this approach they will improve productivity and become more competitive. He says that each manager should answer the following four questions:
* Am I spending enough time on essential tasks?
* How much time do I waste each day on trivial or unnecessary work?
* How much work can I delegate to other people in my department?
* Do I give a specific amount of time to certain tasks an hour for a meeting, for example - and stick to it?
The next stage is to draw up a "time-plan". Dr Lentzer says that managers should spend at least two weeks on the first stage of the plan. "Make sure your colleagues know about the changes," he says. "And more importantly, make sure they know why the plan is necessary. Remember not to cut out minor but necessary tasks like looking through the business press or talking to colleagues."
Don't let the plan become too restrictive. It should still be flexible enough to allow you to make any changes necessary. Maybe you'll find you need more time to talk to customers or to deal with personnel problems.
2. Прочтите последний параграф статьи и заполните пропуски словами, данными ниже. Переведите текст устно.
working day on the phone final week reviewing once or twice useful advice most efficient spend |
The final week of your time-plan, says Dr Lentzer, should be spent reviewing the first three weeks and assessing how useful the changes have been. And he has some useful advice to give to managers. Try to deal with important business at the beginning of your working day and leave minor things until the end. Encourage colleagues to change their working habits to make the most efficient use of their time. Cut down the amount of time you spend on the phone. Make a note of what you are going to say before you make your call. Spend some time once or twice a month making sure that your time-plan is working.
3. Найдите в статье слова, имеющие одинаковое значение со словами, данными ниже. Переведите слова письменно.
1. decided – concluded- решить, прийти к выводу.
2. out of date – obsolete- устаревший.
3. machinery – equipment- оборудование.
4. aim – purpose-цель.
5. workforce - office staff- трудовой коллектив, персонал.
6. unimportant – unnecessary- бесполезный, незначительный.
4. Закончите словосочетания, вставив вместо подходящие по смыслу слова пропусков слова из статьи. Переведите словосочетания письменно.
1. Senior manager- старший менеджер.
2. The three-days seminar-трёхдневный семинар.
3. Office staff- офисный персонал.
4. Improve productivity – улучшить производительность труда.
5. The business press- деловая пресса.
6. Working day- рабочий день
7. Prague-based International Management Forum –Пражский Международный форум по управлению.
8. Effective time management - эффективное управление временем.
9. The first stage of the plan- первый этап плана.
10. Deal with problems – сталкиваться с проблемами.
5. Заполните пропуски в первой части предложений глаголами, данными ниже и пропуски во второй части предложений словами TIME или MONEY. Переведите предложения письменно.
spend waste save have make invest |
1. I think you should invest your money in the New York stock market. That's the way to get rich!
Я думаю, ты должен вложить свои деньги в the New York stock market. Это отличный способ заработать!
2. I usually get the train to work. It's a bit more expensive than the bus but it save me a lot of time every morning because I get to work much earlier.
Обычно я добираюсь на работу на поезде. Это немного дороже чем на автобусе, но это экономит мне массу времени каждое утро, так как на работу я добираюсь гораздо раньше.
3. There are too many meetings in our company. We waste a lot of time talking about things. But nothing gets done.
В нашей компании много общения между коллегами. Мы тратим время в пустую, разговаривая о разных вещах, ничего не делая.
4. I'd love to help you but I just don't have the time . I've got an urgent appointment at head office.
Я бы рад был помочь, но у меня нет времени. У меня срочная встреча в головном офисе.
5. Executives at head office have been told to spend less money on travel and entertainment. All departments have to make economies - from the top down.
Руководители головного офиса сказали меньше тратить денег на путешествия и развлечения. Все отделы должны сократить расходы.
6. Teresa enjoys her new job, but she doesn't make as much money as she used to when she was on commission.
Терезе нравится её новая работа, но она не зарабатывает столько, сколько зарабатывала когда была при полномочиях.