Лексический материал

24.    validity – юридическая сила, аргументированность

25.    trainability – обучаемость

26.    mental skills – интеллектуальные навыки.

3.2. Составьте словосочетания, используя одно слово из столбика А,  другое из B, например:e.g. work force

3.3. Прочитайте текст и выделите основные качества, необходимые на современном рынке труда, согласно данной статье. Напишите краткую аннотацию статьи

What are employers looking for?

Most employers say that they wish to employ the right person for the right job. A recent report by Britain's independent Institute of Manpower Studies, however, disagrees with this. The report states that most employers wish to avoid employing the wrong person. Rather than looking for the right person, they are looking for applicants to turn down.

The report also suggests that in Britain and in many other parts of the world, the selection methods used to identify the right person for the job certainly do not match up to those used to evaluate a piece of new equipment. Recruiters used three main selection methods: interviewing, checking curriculum vitae or application forms against predecided criteria, and examining references. Most of the recruiters consulted in this survey stated that these selection methods were used more for "weeding out" unsuitable candidates rather than for finding suitable ones.

Interviews were considered to be more reliable than either curriculum checks or references from past employers. Research, however, proves otherwise. Interviewers' decisions are often strongly influenced by their previous assessment of the written application. Also, different recruiters interpret facts differently. One may consider candidates who have frequently changed jobs as people with broad and useful experience. Another will view such candidates as unreliable and unlikely to stay for long in the new job.

Some employers place great importance on academic qualifications whereas the link between this and success in management is not necessarily strong. Some recruiters use handwriting as a criterion. The report states that there is little evidence to support the validity of the latter for assessing working ability. References, also, are sometime unreliable as they are rarely critical, whereas checks on credit and security records are often the opposite.

The report is more favourable towards trainability tests and those which test personality and personal and mental skills. The report concludes by suggesting that interviewing could become more reliable if the questions were more structured and focused on the needs of the employing organisation.

3.4. Найдите в прочитанной статье слова и выражения, имеющие следующие значения

a. reject;

b. a written account of a person's education and work experience;

c. standards or principles upon which judgments are based;

d. eliminating people or things or unacceptable quality;

e. place a particular meaning on something;

3.5. Прочитайте, переведите и выучите наизусть следующие выражения

3.6. Соотнесите следующие  выражения благодарности с ответами на них

When native speakers wish to give thanks politely, they often say much more than just "thank you".

UNIT 4

PERSONNEL, WORKPLACE

4.1. Прочитайте и выучите новые слова и выражения

1.         to share  - делить

2.         assume – предполагать

3.         responsibility – обязанность

4.         Chief Executive – главный

5.         to be regarded as – считаться чем-либо

6.         contribution – вклад

7.         company share saver schemes-

8.         gradually – понемногу, постепенно

9.         grade – степень, разряд

10.     withdrawal – отмена, отстранение 

11.     cultural background –культурный опыт

12. self-reliant – уверенный в в своих силах, себе

13.     solely – единственно, только, самостоятельно

14.     involve – включать, вовлекать

15.     to affect – влиять

16. to resource – подбирать кадры, обеспечивать

17.     to lead – руководить

18.     international venture – международное предприятие

19.     shortage – нехватка

20.     ambition – амбиции

21.     backbone of a company – основа компании

22. expatriate – экспатриант, человек, живущий в другой стране

4.2.           Прочитайте и переведите текст на русский язык

The International Manager

Since the 1980s there has been a trend for large companies to think globally: producing goods or delivering services and selling them, all over the world. And when companies operate at international level they need international managers. What is an international manager and is such a person easy to find?

Soft skills

According to a recent survey, the top characteristics of an international manager include many soft skills, such as the ability to work in international teams, adaptability to new situations, sensitivity to different cultures (and awareness of own cultural background), and relational skills. The manager should be self-reliant and have an open, non-judgemental personality.

Another important characteristic is strategic awareness: the manager should have a global view of his or her contribution at work. In other words, the manager should think "world" and not see work responsibilities and needs solely from the perspective of his or her own national background. An international manager must become quickly involved in matters affecting several countries. For example, he or she must be sensitive to, and aware of, the market requirements of a wide range of countries right from the start.

The current position

A recent survey of EU companies reported that the proportion of managers with international experience ranges from about 1% in some UK companies to 80% in one Swiss company. In many firms, only 5-10% of managers are likely to have international experience.

Companies are beginning to recognise that they do not have enough high-quality people for their international activities. They often have problems releasing experienced people from existing operations in order to resource and lead new international ventures. Indeed, there are signs that a shortage of internationally-skilled people may be an important constraint on firms' global ambitions.

Development?

How can a company develop international managers with international skills and perspectives? The only way is through direct international experience either by participating in international task forces or, more importantly, by working and living abroad. Such experiences open people's minds to the fact that things are done differently elsewhere and encourage them to think in a wider context.

Developing the international company's management resource is a demanding exercise. Should there be an elite group of managers given international experience as part of their grooming for top jobs? Or should the international experience be offered to a wider group of managers who are already the backbone of a company? Should the company favour local managers over expatriates? Can the cost be justified? If a company answers "yes" to the last question, considerable resources and effort must be spent in preparing managers for international assignments. Lanaguage training, overseas visits, in-house management courses and general management training at business schools are all important parts of this process.

4.3.. Найдите в прочитанной статье слова и выражения, имеющие следующие значения

a. not needing help or support from other people;

b. understanding of how and why to make detailed and long-term plans;

c. to provide the essentials (money or people or equipment, etc.);

d. challenging;

e. specially privileged;

f. most important support;

g. supported by very good reasons.

4.4. Прочитайте, переведите и выучите наизусть следующие выражения

Business people sometimes have to direct the course of a meeting and ensure that it runs as efficiently as possible

Opening the meeting

(formal) I'd like to start the meeting by…

(informal) Shall we get started?

Stating the purpose of the meeting

(formal) This meeting has been called to ...

(informal) We're here today to discuss ...

Stating the background to the meeting

As you know ...

Asking for contributions

(formal) Peter, would you like to comment?

(informal) Peter, have you got anything to say on this?

Keeping control of the meeting

(formal) We seem to be losing sight of the main point.

(informal) Could you keep to the point please?

Moving to a new point

(formal) Could we move on to item 3 on the agenda?

(informal) Can we now go on to ... ?

Summarising

To sum up, ...

Closing the meeting

(formal) That concludes our business today. The next meeting will take place on

(informal) Well, I think that covers everything.

UNIT 5

SALES, RETAILING

5.1. Прочитайте и выучите новые слова и выражения

1.    retailer – розничный торговец

2.    store – магазин, лавка, универмаг

3.    superstore – большой супермаркет

4.    outlet – торговая точка, рынок сбыта

5.    annual profit – годовая прибыль

6.    supplier – поставщик

7.    private limited company – компания с ограниченной ответственностью

8.    customer – покупатель, клиент

9.    exchange rates – курс обмена валют

10.    budget – бюджет

11.    disposable income – чистый доход

12.    recession – спад, снижение (цен, спроса на товары, деловой активности)

13.    market forces – рыночные факторы

14.    current price – текущая цена

15.    discount – скидка

16.    opportunity cost – альтернативные издержки

17.    overheads – накладные расходы

18.    workforce – рабочая сила

19.    short-term solution – краткосрочное решение

20.    long-term strategy – долгосрочная стратегия

5.2. Соотнесите следующие виды точек розничной торговли с дефинициями

The consumer often buys a product or service from a retail outlet.