Автор работы: Пользователь скрыл имя, 03 Мая 2013 в 14:41, реферат
I decided to take this topic because I was always interested in origin nickname of Mary I Tudor. Why was she called so? What did she do to deserve this nickname? There is even a cocktail with the same name. So, i found some information about this queen. And here it is. She was the only surviving child born of the ill-fated marriage of Henry VIII and his first wife Catherine of Aragon. Her younger half-brother, Edward VI, succeeded Henry in 1547. When Edward became mortally ill in 1553, he attempted to remove Mary from the line of succession because of religious differences. On his death, their cousin Lady Jane Grey was at first proclaimed queen. Mary assembled a force in East Anglia and successfully deposed Jane, who was ultimately beheaded. In 1554, Mary married Philip of Spain, becoming queen consort of Habsburg Spain on his accession in 1556.
Reginald Pole, the son of Mary's executed governess, and once considered a suitor, arrived as papal legate in November 1554. He was ordained a priest and appointed Archbishop of Canterbury immediately after Cranmer's death in March 1556.
Cocktail ''Bloody Mary''
The name "Bloody Mary" is associated with a number of historical figures—particularly Queen Mary I of England. (whose 16th-century persecution of Protestants earned her the nickname)—and fictional women from folklore. Some drink aficionados believe the inspiration for the name was Hollywood star Mary Pickford. Others trace the name to a waitress named Mary who worked at a Chicago bar called the Bucket of Blood.
After Philip's visit in 1557, Mary thought herself pregnant again with a baby due in March 1558.She decreed in her will that her husband be the regent during the minority of her child. However, no child was born, and Mary was forced to accept that Elizabeth was her lawful successor.
Mary was weak and ill from May 1558, and died aged 42 at St. James's Palace during an influenza epidemic that also claimed the life of Reginald Pole later the same day, 17 November 1558. She was in pain, possibly from ovarian cysts or uterine cancer. She was succeeded by her half-sister, who became Elizabeth I. Philip, who was in Brussels, wrote in a letter, "I felt a reasonable regret for her death."
Although her will stated that she wished to be buried next to her mother, Mary was interred in Westminster Abbey on 14 December in a tomb she would eventually share with Elizabeth. The Latin inscription on their tomb, Regno consortes et urna, hic obdormimus Elizabetha et Maria sorores, in spe resurrectionis (affixed there by James VI of Scotland when he succeeded Elizabeth as King James I of England) translates to "Consorts in realm and tomb, here we sleep, Elizabeth and Mary, sisters, in hope of resurrection".
Conclusion
After reading a lot of information I found out that Mary I was not so bad and cruel, as we all used to think. She had a hard lot, many evil stepmothers. Mary I wanted to have children, as all women, but she can't do it. I understood that we can't judge people of the past.
Her name perhaps deserved better treatment than it has generally met with; for she was not by nature cruel. Her kindness to the poor is undoubted, and the severe execution of her laws seemed to her a necessity. Moreover, she was alive to the injustice with which the law was usually strained in behalf of the prerogative; and in appointing Sir Richard Morgan chief justice of the common pleas she charged him "not to sit in judgment otherwise for her highness than for her subjects," and to avoid the old error of refusing to admit witnesses against the crown.
Mary's conduct as queen was governed by the best possible intentions; and it is evident that her religious zeal caused most of the trouble she brought upon herself. Her subjects were entirely released, even by papal authority, from any obligation to restore the confiscated lands of the church. But she herself made it an object, at her own expense, to restore several of the monasteries; and courtiers who did not like to follow her example encouraged the fanatics to spread an alarm that it would even yet be made compulsory. So the worldly minded joined hands with godly heretics in stirring up enmity against her. Her unpopular foreign marriage and the national humiliations which followed upon it made their task all too easy.
As Bloody Queen Mary, this woman has become famous, and as Bloody Queen Mary, she will ever be justly remembered with horror and detestation in Great Britain.
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