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Краткое описание
Twentieth Century Fox Film Corporation (Twentieth Century-Fox Film Corporation, with hyphen, from 1935 to 1985)—also known as 20th Century Fox, or 20th Century Fox Pictures, is one of the six major American film studios as of 2011. Located in the Century City area of Los Angeles, just west of Beverly Hills, the studio used to be a subsidiary of News Corporation, but now it's currently a subsidiary of 21st Century Fox.
Содержание
• 1 History o 1.1 Fox Film Corporation o 1.2 Twentieth Century Pictures o 1.3 Twentieth Century/Fox merger o 1.4 Production and financial problems o 1.5 Rupert Murdoch • 2 Television • 3 Music • 4 Logo and fanfare • 5 Films • 6 See also • 7 References • 8 Bibliography • 9 External links
By the 1970s the Fox fanfare was being used in films
sporadically. George Lucas enjoyed the Alfred Newman music so much that he insisted
it be used for Star Wars (1977), which features the CinemaScope version (but
the variation conducted by Lionel Newman, as the Alfred Newman original
version had been misfiled). Composer John Williams composed the Star Wars main theme in the same key (B♭ major) as the Fox fanfare, serving as an extension to
Newman's score. In 1980 Williams conducted a new version of the fanfare
for The Empire Strikes
Back. Williams' recording of the Fox fanfare has been
used in every Star Wars film since. Since the introduction of the CGI Fox
logo, Star Wars episodes 1 through
6 (beginning with the Special Editions of the original trilogy in 1997)
have used a static angle version of the new logo, to allow for the animated Lucasfilm logo to appear during the extension.
In 1994, after a few failed attempts (which even
included trying to film the familiar monument as an actual three-dimensional
model), Fox in-house television producer Kevin Burns was hired to produce a new logo for the company —
this time using the new process of computer-generated imagery (CGI). With the help of graphics producer Steve Soffer
and his company Studio Productions (which had recently given face-lifts
to the Paramount and Universal logos), Burns directed that the new logo
contain more detail and animation, so that the longer (21 second) Fox
fanfare with the "CinemaScope extension" could be used as
the underscore. This required a virtual Los Angeles Cityscape to be
designed around the monument. In the background can be seen the Hollywood sign, which would give the monument an actual location
(approximating Fox's actual address in Century City). One final touch
was the addition of store-front signs—each one bearing the name of
Fox executives who were at the studio at the time. One of the signs
reads, "Murdoch's Department Store"; another says "Chernin's" and a third reads: "Burns Tri-City
Alarm" (an homage to Burns' late father who owned a burglar and
fire alarm company in Upstate New York). The 1994 CGI logo was also
the first time that Twentieth Century Fox was recognized as "A
News Corporation Company" in the logo.
As the CGI logo was being prepared to premiere at
the beginning of James Cameron's True Lies (1994), Burns asked composer Bruce Broughton for a new version of the familiar fanfare. In 1997
Alfred's son, composer David Newman, recorded the new version of the fanfare in Anastasia (1997). This rendition is still in use as of 2010.
In 2009, a newly updated CGI logo, done by Blue Sky Studios, debuted in the film Avatar. A 75th Anniversary version of this new logo was
used to coincide with 20th Century Fox's 75th anniversary; it made its
official debut with Percy Jackson
& the Olympians: The Lightning Thief, and last appeared in Gulliver's Travels.
As television grew as a medium, the practice of placing production logos at the end of programs became commonplace. For Fox's
television arm, a truncated version of the Newman fanfare has been used
with a brief shot of the Fox logo. Syndicated programs would overlay
"Television" over "Century" in an animation, resulting
in the logo reading "20th Television Fox". Today, CGI logos
are used, with 20th Century Fox Television primarily for Fox network programming, and 20th Television for other programming
(such as cable and syndication).
Parodies of the fanfare have appeared at the start
of the films Those Magnificent
Men in Their Flying Machines (played by a small band, imitating the silent era
of films), The Cannonball
Run (cars drive around the logo and knock out the searchlights), White Men Can't
Jump (rap version of the fanfare), The Day After
Tomorrow (thunderstorm on the set), Live Free or
Die Hard (where the searchlights go out as a result of a power
outage), The Rocky Horror
Picture Show (featuring a piano-rock version of the fanfare), The Simpsons
Movie (Ralph Wiggum "sings along" with the fanfare; in trailers
and commercials, the "0" in the tower is replaced by a pink,
half-bitten doughnut of the type Homer eats), Daredevil (the picture morphs into a negative image of the
logo – as if perceived by the main character's radar sense), Ice Age: Dawn
of the Dinosaurs (with snow and volcanoes covering the logo, but the
regular 20th Century Fox logo was shown on the film's DVD and Blu-rays
release instead) and Minority Report (where the logo, alongside its DreamWorks counterpart, appears immersed in water, similar to
the film's "precog" characters). The fanfare was also used
within What a Way to
Go!, as the theme of Lush Budged Productions, opening Shirley MacLaine's fantasy of her marriage to Robert Mitchum.
In the X-Men films of the 2000s, the "X" in "Fox"
remains ghosted on the screen as the scene fades out. In Moulin Rouge! the logo appears on a stage behind a red curtain
with a conductor directing an orchestra playing the fanfare. In the
2003 production of The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen the
logo appears as a huge unlit monument dominating the nighttime London
skyline. In the Diary of a Wimpy
Kid films, the studio placed a cartoon version of the
20th Century Fox structure on the main studio logo.
As a surprise twist, the opening fanfare for Alien3 has the music freeze on the penultimate melody tone
(an E-flat minor chord), and then adds wailing French horns and bending strings, before continuing with a crash into the
opening titles, thus setting the dark mood for the film.
Also on The Simpsons: Season 10
DVD, each disc's opening shows Bart Simpson running around the logo while being chased by thesqueaky-voiced teenager.
Fox Searchlight Pictures, Foxstar Productions, and Fox Studios Australia are just a few of the other corporate entities that
have used variations on the original 1933 design. 21st Century Fox, the corporate successor to News Corporation, uses
a logo incorporating a minimalist representation of the searchlights.