Great opening and inventions of Leonardo da Vinci

Great opening and inventions of Leonardo da Vinci\

The greatest scientist of the time of Leonardo da Vinci enriched penetrating supervisions and guess-work almost all areas of knowledge. But as genius would be surprised,know he, that his numerous inventions are used even 555 after after his birth.

3 Леонардо was born in a small town Винчи in Tuscany. Studied in the workshop of artist Andrea дель Верроккьо in Florence. With 1472 is a member of Workshop of painters of Saint Луки. Lived and worked in Italy and France. For Леонардо an art and science were constrained indissolubly. Our contemporaries of Леонардо are first of all known as an artist. In addition, not eliminated, that And Винчи could be a sculptor. However And Винчи in different periods of the life counted itself first of all by an engineer or scientist. He gave to the fine art not very plenty of time and worked slowly enough. Therefore artistic heritage of Леонардо in number is not great, and the row of his works is lost or strongly damaged. However his contribution to the world artistic culture is exceptionally important. From 1481 he begins to work in Milan as a military engineer, architect, hydraulic engineer, creator of great number of mechanisms, engineering building and technical devices. To this period of life of and Винчи notes behave on

4  The inventions of Leonardo da Vinci are collected by him in "Codes" as the pictures, attended with the detailed comments. He began to do records in age 37 and continued to conduct them till about the death. Леонардо published not a single line. He expounded the ideas in the extraordinarily compressed form, and conducted records in cipher. An inventor wrote with leave arm and ultrafine letters, and and from right to left. But also it not all - all he inverted letters in a mirror image. He talked riddles, poured metaphorical prophecies, adored to make rebuses. Леонардо did not sign the works, but there are tokens on them. For example, if to look intently into pictures, it is possible to find out a symbolic flying up bird. And such signs, it was quite a bit... 10 manuscripts that can be united by one name - "Codes of Leonardo da Vinci" are presently known. A systematic study and publication of his works began only in the second half 19 centuries. In this work accepted

5  Many his prominent designer guess-work passed the time far, appearing unclaimed. Great Леонардо left many riddles and secrets to the descendants. Strangely enough, only one invention of and Винчи got confession at his life is a колесцовый lock for a pistol that was key-winding. This mechanism was small widespread first, but already to the middle of the XVI century purchased popularity for noblemen, especially in a cavalry, that even affected construction of lats : максимилиановские panoplies for the sake of firing from pistols began to do with gloves instead of mittens. Колесцовый lock for a pistol, invented Leonardo da Vinci, was so perfect, that continued to meet and in the XIX century.

Ventilation, aqualung, power-shovel But, as it is Often, confession to genii comes after centuries: many his inventions were complemented and modernized, and now used in everyday life. For example, Леонардо created a device able to squeeze air and drive away it on pipes. This invention has a very wide spectrum of application : from kindling of stoves to ... ventilations of rooms. And Винчи is the not first scientist that was interested by possibility of man long time to remain under water. So, Leon Баттиста Альберти planned to heave up some Roman ships from the bottom of lake of Неми. Леонардо went farther simply plans: he created the project of diving suit from a waterproof skin. He had to have a large breast pocket that was filled by air for the increase of volume, that facilitated getting up of diver on a surface. A diver was provided with a flexible respiratory tube that connected his helmet with a protective floating dome on the surface of water (done, preferably, from a reed\

Generally known, that and Винчи worked out the draft of "ancestor" of modern helicopter also. The radius of screw had to make a 4,8 meter. According to plan of scientist, he had a metallic mount and linen coverage. A screw was operated by people that шли about axis and pushed levers. "Think, if this spiral mechanism is durably done, id est made out of the starched linen(in order to avoid breaks) and quickly untwisted, then he will find to itself support in mid air and will fly up highly upwards", - wrote to and Винчи in the works.One of the most necessary things for educating of man to swimming is a rescue circle. This invention of Леонардо remained practically without changes. For the acceleration of swimming a scientist worked out the chart of membranous gloves that in course of time grew into well-known flippers.

It is difficult to believe, but for the facilitation of labour of workers and Винчи thought of power-shovels. However, rather, they were intended for getting up and transporting of the tunnelled material, what for digging as such. As scientists suppose, power-shovels could be needed for the project of taking of the river Арно. It was assumed to dig up a ditch breadthways 18 meters and long 6. The pictures of inventor give an idea about the sizes of machine and channel that coming to dig up. A lifting faucet with the barbells of different length was interesting that could be used with a few counterbalances on two or more levels. The arrows of faucet were developed on 180° and recovered all width of channel. A power-shovel was set on rails, as far as advancement of works moving forward through a spiral mechanism on a central rail.

Device for raising of water

Car, bridge, hang-glider One from the most famous pictures of Леонардо presents ancient developments of car. An automotive cart had to move by means of difficult arbalest mechanism, that would pass to energy the drives connected with a helm. Back wheels had the differentiated drives and could move independently. A fourth wheel was connected with a helm through that it is possible to manage a cart. Originally this transport vehicle targeted at entertainment of royal court and behaved to the row of the automotive machines created by other engineers of middle Ages and Revival.

Some inventions of scientist humanity dare test only now: for example, in the Norwegian small town Ace the 100-meter foot-bridge created on the project of and Винчи was open in 2001. This was the first case for 500, when an architectural project Masters, far passing the time, got the real embodiment. Леонардо projected this building for the Turkish sultan: a bridge had to be thrown through a bay Gold Horn in Istanbul. If a project was realized, he would be the longest bridge of the time are 346 meters. But and Винчи did not succeed to be realized the project is a sultan Баязет of II gave up suggestions of the Florentine artist.Indeed, a new bridge yields to the medieval prototype in length are 100 meters instead of 346 - however in exactness repeats all designer and aesthetic dignities of project of Леонардо. This bridge serves as the zebra crossing thrown on height of 8 meters above the motorway of Е- 18, in 35 kilometres south of Oslo. At his building was to renounce only one planning of and Винчи - as building material a tree was used, while 500 back a bridge it was planned to build from a stone.

In 2002 in Great Britain it was also recreated one of inventions of great Леонардо : in sky above a county Суррей is successfully tested the prototype of modern hang-glider, collected exactly on his drafts. Test flights from the hills of Суррея carried out twice world on hang-gliding champion Judy Лиден. She succeeded to heave up "протодельтаплан" and Винчи on a maxheight in 10 meters and remain in mid air 17 seconds. It was enough, to prove that a vehicle works actually.Flights were conducted within the framework of experimental televisional project. A vehicle recreated on acquaintances to the whole world to the pictures 42-years-old mechanic from Bedfordshire Steve Roberts. A medieval hang-glider reminds the skeleton of bird from above. He is made out of the Italian poplar, reed, tendons of animals and flax, treat the glaze got on the basis of excretions of beetles. In itself a flying machine appeared distant from perfection. To "manage her it was almost impossibly.

As Leonardo da Vinci considered, "if a man has awning from dense fabric, each of parties of that makes 12 lengths of hand, and height - 12, then he can jump, not broken up, from any considerable height". To test this vehicle it did not succeed. Nevertheless, in December, 2000 the British parachutist Adrian Nicholas in South Africa got down from a height 3 thousands meters from a balloon to the parachute done on the sketch of Leonardo da Vinci. Lowering went well.In city there is the National museum of science and technology Милане(Italy) the name of Leonardo da Vinci, his pictures and engineering reconstructions of mechanisms, executed already in the middle of 20 century on the sketches of Леонардо, are proposed in that. The movable exhibitions of his works settle down in many countries of the world.

Bicycle projected Леонардо  Eightcharge arbalest

Giant arbalest

Thank you for attention