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Each person wants to reach some goals in his life, to prove someone to himself at first that he is able to do something. Thus, the writing and defense of course work is the start point of each student to prove his parents, classmates that his teachers’ labour and his own and partly his parent’s had its sense i.e. it was worth it. I mean all spent time and strength for study during the exams and study in general. And I can use such Russian saying as “No cross no crown”, so the course work writing is the result of educational establishment graduation, in our case of college.
INTRODUCTION ………………………………………………………............ 2
CHAPTER I - LEGAL TEXTS
Translation conception ……………………………………………… 4
Translation classifications ………………………………………….. 6
Legal texts translation ……………………………………………… 9
Kinds of legal translation …………………………………………... 10
Legalese or legal language of statement …………………………… 11
Legal texts translation peculiarities ……………………………….. 13
Cultural linguistic peculiarities ……………………………………. 15
CHAPTER II – LEGAL TEXTS TRANSLATION
Personal documentation translating:
Business documentation translation:
CONCLUSION
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX
CONTENT
INTRODUCTION ……………………………………………………….........
LEGAL TEXTS
INTRODUCTION
Each person wants to reach some goals in his life, to prove someone to himself at first that he is able to do something. Thus, the writing and defense of course work is the start point of each student to prove his parents, classmates that his teachers’ labour and his own and partly his parent’s had its sense i.e. it was worth it. I mean all spent time and strength for study during the exams and study in general. And I can use such Russian saying as “No cross no crown”, so the course work writing is the result of educational establishment graduation, in our case of college.
In order to write course work each student first of all has to choose the theme of his work carefully because he is going to work with material of this theme the whole year during the study and this theme should be interesting to discuss. The legal texts translation is an interesting theme, I think here my sister had great influence, cause when I was a child my sister studied at university by the profession “Lawyer”, and I read her juridical books, lectures and it was very interesting for me and it is still interesting for me. That is why I chose these this for my course work. I wanted to know more in this sphere and the course work was the way to do it step by step.
Also each student as in any other work has to mark goals and objects for himself in order to know what to reach and what to expect from this work.
I expressed my goal as following:
And on the assumption of my goal I have next tasks:
To reach set goal we could use any method of goal reaching. There are as following:
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The object of the given research work is the “Legal texts peculiarities”
The subject of the work is the translated texts according to the given theme.
In general this course work consists of the introduction, theoretical, practical chapters, conclusion, appendix and bibliography.
LEGAL TEXTS
“Translation” conception means great kinds of occupation. It can be both in written form as poems, belletristic literatures, documents, articles, statesmen’s, scientists’ approaches, religious texts’ translation and in oral form as speaker’s speech translation during the press conference, discussions, business confrrence with a purpose of overcoming the language barrier, if speakers speak in different languages. “Translation helps along information interchange”, as everybody knows, who owns the information, that person “rules” the world. Alias, information is “the foundation to human’s progress”. Thus, we can make a conclusion that the informative function of translation is one of the most important.
To give the conception to the “translation” is not so easy and can lead to many debates, as the translation can be different and has specific aspects, which should be mentioned in its conception. Linguistic scholars give different explanations of “translation” conception.
Eminent scholar, linguist, the author of plenty of scientific studies - A.V.Fedorov tells that first of all – translation is the process, which goes as psychological action and means recreating the voice product of source language into target language; and at the second – translation is the result of this process, i.e. new voice product in target language. English language teacher, translator-trainee - I.S.Aleekseeva says that translation is as “reciting or conversion of the source language text to target language”, if we see the language as the system of codes. L.K.Latushev considers that translation is “one of the human activities, which is more finished way of language intermediation”.
All of these conceptions are true in their ways and give representation about translation activity. Translator’s profession is one of the most immemorial; it’s known that already during the first contacts between people talking different languages, they needed somebody like “interpreter”. Due to translators’ work we have an ability to read world famous, talented writers’ texts, be aware about news and communicate to foreign partners. Thus, each time translator’s work shows its necessity for people. Some people think that in order to translate to have scholar education and know the language by a hair are enough, but it is not so. Translator’s work is difficult and creative process. Translator’s knowledge is formed during many years and vocabulary is supplemented everyday and in order to achieve translating skills, he need a lot of time. Negotiations’, debates’, international summits’ success are depend on translator, it is he who is able to make better negative moments and communicants’ sharp statements, and vice versa, he is able to spoil relations between communicants.
Here we should indicate about the process of translation to prove that translator’s work is really difficult. “The translation process is divided into 2 levels. To
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translate, translator has to understand the material, analyze and critique it. Then, he should find and choose the apt way of translating this text to target language. Thus, translator’s work should show respect, patience and understanding, as to translate any even easy text, he need certain energies, intellectual stress, sometimes even inspiration, what should be praised, on my opinion”.
LEGAL TEXTS
As I said before I chose theme regarding legal texts translation, but it is not the separately kind of translation. The legal translation is a kind of informative or special translation and informative translation is subtype of genre stylistic translation classification. Generally, there are two translation classifications and they have their subtypes.
There are “Genre stylistic” and “Psycho linguistic” translation classification (see app #1). The first – genre stylistic classification can be divided into “Artistic or literary translation” and “Informative or special kinds of translation”. And each of these branches has its subtypes, let’s start from “Literary (artistic) translation” subtypes, but at first I have to say what the literary translation is.
In other words literal translation is a type of translation equivalence. The main task of this translation is to create the speech work in the target language which is capable to make artistic and aesthetic influence on the readers.
And there are several subtypes in literary translation:
The second subtype of genre stylistic translation classification is informative (special) translation.
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The second type of translation classification is “Psycho linguistic classification”, this type also has its subtypes. There are: “Oral translation” and “Written translation”.
But the simultaneous one has its own subtype. It is “Whispering”, when the interpreter is near the Receptor and tells him the translation in a low voice either with the microphone and headphones or without it.
The written translation can be classified as follows:
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LEGAL TEXTS
The informative texts translation is seen as the most difficult work. But between these informative texts the legal texts translation distinguished with their specific difficulty. Many people suppose that to make good translation, to know the term of law is enough, and it is not right. If we talk about translation of legal text we are sure to say that here should be the second translator- editor who is native speaker of this language. Only this way it is possible to make translation of legal texts are conformed to source language text at all.
Mainly, the origin of translating problems of informative texts in law sphere can be absence of phrases in target language, which can exactly describe terms of the source language. Therewith, the content of the text depends on nations’ culture peculiarities and their world vision, and also of local legal system peculiarities.
Though, in this way it can influence to the text content, even if you translate it word by word, the sense of source and its translation will differ as sky from the land. And that is why good translator should study idioms, vocabulary equivalents and the other set expressions of target language.
One more difficulty with which translator faces during the translation of legal texts as of the other special texts, is necessity in having great knowledge in legal sphere and having skills of right sentence making.
Jurisprudence is not a belletristic literature and here translation can’t be made in the rough to the source text. Here can’t be done any mistakes, because they can lead to unchangeable consequences. However, the difference between the legal systems of different countries should be taken into account. That is why only person with education is near to juridical and with an experience of the lawyer can make translation of legal texts. The texts of source and target languages see in different legal systems, therefore, in these texts translator should use different statements, which are proper for each language.
But these statements should be understandable for both parties, the content of the source and target languages texts must be the same. So, the translator (interpreter) has to have knowledge as in field of domestic law so in the field of the translating county law.
All these facts define the peculiarities of making the translation of juridical texts, and prove that jurisprudence requires from specialists making the translation of such kinds of texts specific responsible and great knowledge in this field.
LEGAL TEXTS
Legal translation, i.e. “translation of the texts regarding branch of law and using for legal information exchanging between people, talking different languages” includes (see app #2):
Personal documentation translating
Business documentation translation: