Фискальная политика

    The biggest challenge - to combine these contradictory but interrelated functions in the presence and pressure of special interests of various social groups. Any government always has the choice what to prefer: growth and efficiency or equity and justice, the accumulation or consumption directly involved in the production process or indirect effects on market incentives. This will determine the nature of fiscal policy - and the tax and expenditure.

 

Figure 6. Inflation risky asset bank money [10]

 

The main feature of market economies is that with the help of the budget funded mainly those social needs or areas of the economy where private initiative does not work or does not work properly, and if you want to protect certain sections of society, or the entire population. At the same time, through taxes, loans, costs have an impact on the overall economy.

      Selecting a part of the national income in one hand and returning the other, the state can change the ratio between the accumulated and absorbed components of the national income, stimulating the expansion of consumer demand or, on the contrary, encouraging savings by changing their structure. Such tools are widely used for social, anti-cyclic, anti-inflationary policy, enhance or deter economic growth.

A distinctive feature of the budget in this country in recent years - its social orientation. So, this year, to finance costs of social institutions and cultural facilities, the implementation of measures for the relevant policies, payment of various subsidies, subsidies for fuel, as well as the Ministry of Transport and the underground system, the deposit compensation, benefits and compensation to the victims of the disaster at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant planned to be more 65% of total budget spending, whereas in the past for this purpose took 64.9%. [1, 34p]

Kazakhstan is one of the leading places in the CIS after Russia and Belarus on the level of average wages, and the pace of its growth ahead of these countries. It was in May 2004, U.S. $ 156.2, in Russia - 224.7, Belarus - 200.1, Ukraine - 104.3, Azerbaijan - 92.1, Moldova - 87.8. By the end of last year, this amount was equal to our 195, and to this end it is planned to increase to 225 U.S. dollars.

Key role in creating the material basis for the elderly and disabled citizens (such currently has 2452.8 thousand) plays pensions are an important component of social protection. Of these, the most numerous category - recipients of pensions for age (77.8%), which in 2003 spent over 8% of GDP (in 1994 - 5.8%). Increase caused by the growing number of pensioners, and their well-being.

The main objective of fiscal policy for 2005-2010 - providing financial and social stability in the country, which should contribute to a macroeconomic environment to stimulate economic growth and structural transformation of the economy, reduce the tax burden and improving living standards. For this, of course, require closer alignment with the macroeconomic trends and budgeting for the medium-term planning.

While maintaining a high level of social spending budget policy will be aimed at optimizing government obligations, increase the efficiency and effectiveness of expenditure by improving the forms and procedures for their financing. Necessary to ensure the sustainability of the existing system, as well as transparency in its framework, which resulted in enactment of the Budget Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

     To do this, obviously, should be consolidated trust fund resources, abandoning their status; actively introduce program-target method in budget based on relevant government medium-term and long-term programs for specific results.

It is important to develop criteria for the effectiveness of budget expenditures and prepare proposals on this basis to optimize their structure. Topicality of the network and streamlining of public institutions. It is advisable to proceed from here they perform public functions, capacity, existing troops. Ripe for a revision of the principles of subsidizing the real sector of the economy, reducing the cost of services and rationalization of pricing in the housing sector.

I suppose, in the long term can not do without increasing the overall level of pension age in larger increases for certain categories of public sector employees and a simultaneous increase in average and minimum pensions.

Parallel to strive for balanced budgets at all levels and reduce their deficits, the introduction of monitoring and management of public debt in order to minimize risk and limit its growth parameters of economic security. Improve the legal and regulatory framework on the budget should be subject to the requirements of the World Trade Organization (WTO).

In 2006-2010 entered into the next phase of the tax reform to consolidate positive trends: improving the relevant administration and equal conditions for the tax payers.

As a result, the second phase of reforms constitute the basis of the tax system of VAT, excise duties, taxes on income and profits of businesses and individuals, as well as property, customs fees. Should improve the fiscal importance of taxes, related to the use of natural resources and environmental protection.

Certainly continue harmonization of tax legislation in the integration process with the Russian Federation and the coordination of the main approaches to the problem related to the formation of the Common Economic Space of Russia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan and Belarus. Of importance, the development and adoption. [10]

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

     Conclusion

 

     Summing up the review of fiscal policy, it can be concluded that the economic impact of government spending and taxes is contradictory: on the one hand, government spending create additional purchasing power and thus allow to stimulate economic growth, but on the other hand, is used for this purpose by the taxation population may reduce its consumer demand.

Now most economists of different schools implicitly recognize that fiscal policy is having a tremendous impact on any economic system.

      The state is trying to engage in turn available cash flow, create, through the redistribution of the optimal conditions for the reproduction process.

As the largest economic reality, covering all areas of the country, government spending plays a central role in determining the structure of consumption, investment and profits in the economy.

     Change in government spending and taxes affect the value of income. This increases the possibility of using fiscal policy to stabilize the economy. When the economy is in decline, possibly for extended-release should cut taxes or increase government spending. And when the economy is booming, it would raise taxes and cut spending in order to return the economy to full employment.

In practice, fiscal policy is widely used in order to stabilize the economy. Expansion of government spending and tax cuts is used when you need to get the economy out of the crisis. Reduce costs and increase taxes practiced when to slow down excessive growth.

     Currently, the fiscal policy and the budget can not be separated from each other. This policy is an important instrument in shaping the state budget. On the other hand it includes a theoretical framework and practice determines line item budget.

I also want to note that through tax policy and government funding given the opportunity to influence various aspects of management, helping to accelerate the upgrade of production assets, rapid introduction into the production of scientific and technical progress.

However, in some countries, fiscal policy is able to provide a stable flow of funds in the state treasury. A number of countries, especially developing countries, have to deal with the phenomenon of the budget deficit. It is now very urgent is the problem of the public debt. This is particularly an issue is in countries with developing economies.

      Fiscal policy measures are not always successful. Sometimes they are accompanied by burdensome symptoms, might even hinder the stabilization of the national economy. Sometimes it is inevitable growing pains, and the end result will be beneficial.

The study of the sources of the state budget, and the factors which lead to a budget deficit is a major concern of a number of state institutions. I should also note that the management of the State's budget leads to higher standards of living.

Necessary to improve the budgetary framework and strengthen its revenue base to strengthen monetary and financial situation.

      A comprehensive study of this issue, as well as clever use of the mechanisms of fiscal policy allows for stable economic growth, the use of economic levers government regulation.

To sum up, I want to note that the problem of the state budget, regardless of place and time, will be important. But well-formed and consistently pursued fiscal policies generally characterized macroeconomic stability, fiscal balance, and leads to a stable, balanced and not afraid of the word prosperous way of life of all subjects of the state.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

References

 

1. Babkin C. New Tax Policy / / Finance of Kazakhstan - 2006 - № 6

2. Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan "On taxes and other obligatory payments to the budget" as of January 1, 2007.

3. Karagusova G. Taxes: the nature and practice of using. Almaty 2006

4. Finance / Ed. V.D.Melnikova, KK Ilyasova. A.: Karzhy-Karazhat, 2005.

5. Mankiw, NG Macroeconomics. M. Case and Service, 2004.

6. Ilyasov KK Zeynelgabdin AB Satkalieva VA The state budget. - Almaty: RIC, 2004.

7. Press service of «Kazkhstan Today»

8. Halperin VM., Grebennikov PI. Macroeconomics C-P.: Economics. 2006.

9. Bekzhanova T. macroeconomic environment RK. Karzhy-carat - Finance of Kazakhstan. 2006.

10. Official website of the Ministry of Finance www.minfin.kz

11. Agapova TA Seregina SF Macroeconomics M. Case, 2007.

12. Dorbunsh R., Fischer, S. Macroeconomics. New York: The Republic, 2005.

13. Mamyrov N., J. Ihdanov State regulation of the economy in Kazakhstan. , Almaty, 2001.

14. E. Dolan Macroeconomics, Moscow: Infra-M, 2000.

15. MI Cigars. The financial system in the economy of Kazakhstan. Experience and problems. Almaty, 2007.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Application 1

 

                                                                                                                                

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Application 2