Автор работы: Пользователь скрыл имя, 15 Мая 2012 в 20:19, лабораторная работа
1.1. Прочитайте и выучите новые слова и выражения
employee – служащий компании
to keep in contact – поддерживать общение
on informal and formal basis – на официальной и неофициальной основе
staff – состав, штат сотрудников компании
to encourage – способствовать
UNIT 1
BUSINESS COMMUNICATION
1.1. Прочитайте и выучите новые слова и выражения
employee – служащий компании
to keep in contact – поддерживать общение
on informal and formal basis – на официальной и неофициальной основе
staff – состав, штат сотрудников компании
to encourage – способствовать
to rate communication – оценивать общение
to give clear instructions – отдавать чёткие распоряжения
endeavour – попытка, старание, стремление
social distance – различие в иерархии занимаемых должностей
to reduce social distance – уменьшить, снизить различие
fear of prejudicing the position – страх навредить своему положению в компании
to filter information – обрабатывать информацию
to alter facts – интерпретировать, изменять факты
job status – должность, занимаемая в компании
to cut down the ways – сократить способы
apart – раздельно, врозь
layout – план
to perceive – воспринимать
to distort – искажать, извращать факты
common dining area – общая обеденная зона
1.2. Составьте словосочетания, используя одно слово из столбика А, другое из B, например: keep in contact
A
rate instructions
give information
filter communication
prejudice facts
encourage position
distort contact
keep in people
1.3. Найдите синонимы
employee position
staff officer
endeavour plan
basis difference
distance employees
job status try
lay-out fundamentals
1.4. Закончите предложения, используя следующие слова и выражения
cut down the ways; filtered; encouraging; keep in contact; distort facts; perceive things; job status; layout; staff; formal and informal; employees; endeavour; social distance; rate communication; prejudicing.
1. Is the … of the company large?
2. The communication may be on … and … basis.
3. It is his third … of passing the exam.
4. … is a very great factor in business communication.
5. How many ………does your staff include?
6. This is the … of our marketing strategy.
7. … plays an important role in social distance.
8. You should … … as they are!
9. You shouldn’t … … otherwise you’ll be blamed.
10. People may … on formal and informal basis.
11. One of the methods of successful teaching is permanent … students.
12. The information should be … when presenting it to your chief in case you don’t want to be redundant.
13. In order to be closer to their employees managers should … … … of showing their job status.
14. How do you … … within your company?
15. People have fear of … their position in the company.
1.5. Прочитайте и переведите текст на русский язык
BUSINESS TALK
A vital factor in a company's success is good communication among its employees. According to the book In Search of Excellence (Peters and Waterman) excellent companies have a vast network of informal, open communication. Their staff keep in contact with one another on an informal and formal basis. Management encourages easy and frequent communication.
How do you rate communication within your own company? Are you happy with it or do you think it could be improved? Perhaps some of the following factors affecting in-company communication are familiar to you?
Many managers believe they give clear instructions to their employees. In fact, research has shown that employees very often do not realise they have been told to do something. When managers give instructions they should endeavour to ensure that these have been understood and interpreted correctly.
People can have difficulty communicating with other employees of higher job status. This "social distance" may affect how openly employees speak about their work. People of the same rank may talk frankly to one another about how things are going. However, they may be less honest with someone higher up in the hierarchy - for fear of prejudicing their position in the company. For this reason employees often "filter" information. They alter the facts to tell the boss what s/he wants to hear. One way of reducing social distance is to cut down the ways in which employees can indicate higher status. In Japanese companies, for example, it is usual for all staff to wear the same uniform. Many companies have a common dining area for all staff.
The physical element
Physical surroundings and distance can affect how well people communicate. The farther away one person is from another, the less often they communicate. Some research has shown that when the distance is more than 10 metres, the probability of communicating at least once a week is only 8 %. This compares with 25 % for people less than 5 metres apart! The physical layout of an office should therefore be carefully planned. Open-plan offices, for example, are designed to encourage quick and easy communication. Some companies prefer to install escalators, rather than lifts, to increase the chances of employees meeting face-to-face.
Selective perception
People perceive things in different ways. The world of a sender of a message is not the same as that of the receiver. Because their knowledge and experience is different, the sender and receiver are always on slightly different wavelengths. So the message may get distorted.
How can good communication be fostered?
The most important thing for all managers to remember is that communication is a two-way process. They should encourage their employees to ask questions and to react to what the managers are saying. Feedback is vital. The most useful question a manager can ask is "Did you understand that?"
UNIT 2
CROSS CULTURAL COMMUNICATION
2.1. Прочитайте, переведите и выучите наизусть следующее определение
Culture is the way we do things. It may be a country, an area, a social class or an organization such as a company, school or any enterprise.
2.2. Прочитайте и выучите новые слова и выражения
1. company or corporate culture – стиль работы компании
2. canteen culture – грубый стиль работы
3. long-hours culture – стиль работы компании с ненормированным рабочим днем.
4. macho culture – агрессивный стиль работы.
5. distance – дистанция, расстояние.
6. distant – дальний, отдаленный.
7. deference – уважение, почтительное отношение.
8. accessible, approachable – доступный.
9. decision-making – принятие решений.
10. team of equals – члены компании с одинаковыми (равными) правами.
11. forms of address – формы обращения.
12. to be familiar with – быть хорошо знакомым с кем-либо.
13. first name – имя.
14. family name or surname – фамилия.
15. patronymic name – отчество.
16. business cards – визитные карточки.
17. job title – должность.
18. qualifications – квалификация.
19. business suit – деловой костюм.
20. casual Fridays or dress-down Fridays – день недели (пятница), когда разрешается менее официальный стиль одежды.
21. entertainment – развлечение.
23. corporate hospitality – корпоративное (общее) гостеприимство.
24. business presentation – деловая презентация
25. to crack a joke – придумать шутку
26. to invest time and money - уделять время и вкладывать деньги
27. hidden rules - скрытые (незаметные) правила
28. to play the game – вести игру
29. to do business – совершать сделки
30. to put your foot in it - запутаться
31. to make a mistake - совершать ошибку
32. foreign counterparts - зарубежные партнеры
33. formal models of address – официальные формы обращения
34. to regard highly – высоко оценить
35. to cause offence - вызывать оскорбление
36. local delicacy - местный деликатес
37. host country – принимающая страна
38. small talk – светская беседа
39. to get down to business – приступить к делу
40. to be aware of - понимать, осознавать
41. to perceive things – воспринимать что-либо
42. intolerance - недопустимость
43. to make predictions - делать выводы, предсказания
44. thorough research - тщательное исследование
45. hospitality – гостеприимство
46. punctuality – пунктуальность
2.3. Соотнесите следующие предложения с видами культуры
1. The men really dominate in this company, they don’t make life easy for women at all. All they talk about is football.
2. Among the management here we try to be fair to people from different minorities, but there are still elements of racism among the workforce.
3. Of course, the quality of the work you do after you’re been at it for ten hours is not good.
4. There was a time when managers could only wear white shirts in this company-things are a bit less formal now.
2.4. Прочитайте и переведите текст на русский язык
Hidden rules
Is the sun red or yellow? Should you crack a joke in a business presentation? Are such questions important? Is it only language you need to learn?
International business people often invest time and money in improving their knowledge of foreign languages in order to be able to communicate with colleagues from around the world. Language, of course, is vital, but it is only half the problem.
There are hidden rules for playing the game of doing business with people of other cultures. It is all to easy to "put your foot in it" by making mistakes which can upset your foreign counterparts.
An American, greeting a mid-European businessman by saying "Hi Dieter, great to meet you!" may not be favourably regarded in a country where more formal modes of address are usual.
In the West, business cards are given a cursory glance and pocketed. In Japan, they are highly regarded, looked at closely and left on the table during a business meeting.
In Britain, most business presentations would include a joke. In many other countries, this would be unheard of.
Will you cause offence if you refuse to eat something generally regarded as inedible in your country? Your counterpart may be watching your reaction when he offers you this local delicacy.
Small talk and relationship building are considered highly important in some parts of the world; talking about the weather, the wine and the local area come before business. In other places, people get down to business immediately.
It is important to know the way things are usually dealt with in your host country. Problems arise because we see things differently. It helps to be aware of how other nationalities perceive certain things.
The Japanese see the sun as red. It is an important national symbol which appears on their flag. When Japanese children paint pictures, they paint a red sun. European and American children paint the sun yellow. When children travel and see the sun painted in a different colour, they are surprised and find it very strange.
Adults find these differences harder to accept. Both sides may feel uneasy because they are unsure of the rules of the game in the opposite culture.
It is, however, very dangerous to have stereotyped views of what the other culture is like. Such views are often narrow and can cause criticism and intolerance. "A little knowledge is a dangerous thing" and can encourage you to make predictions about what will happen in your business transactions. If your ideas are too narrow, you may be surprised at all the people you meet who do not fit into your pattern and who behave differently from the way you predicted they would.
Our ideas then, have to be flexible and constructed from thorough research and observation. We should also recognise that it is not only people's national background that influences their behaviour and personality, but also their particular regional background, their personal background and their company culture.
2.5. Найдите в прочитанной статье слова и выражения, имеющие следующие значения
a. say or do something wrong or inappropriate, usually as a result of thoughtlessness, and so cause an awkward situation;
b. quick and not thorough;
c. something to eat which is considered rare or expensive;
d. having a fixed, and often incorrect, idea of what someone or something is like;
e. inability to accept ways of thinking and behaving which are different from one's own.
2.6. Прочитайте, переведите и выучите наизусть выражения, используемые при ответах на вопросы
SEEKING CLARIFICATION
1. Would you mind rephrasing the question? I didn't quite understand it.
2. Have I understood you correctly?
3. If I understand you you're asking...
4. When you say...do you mean...?
GIVING REASSURANCE
1. I'd like to reassure you about that.
2. There is no need for concern on that point.
3. I can understand your concern, but…
4. You need have no worries on that front.
GIVING YOURSELF TIME TO THINK
1. I'm glad you asked that question.
2. That's a very interesting question.
AVOIDANCE
1. I'm afraid I can't give you an answer to that question at the moment.
2. I'd prefer not to comment on that for the moment.
3. Well, that would depend on various factors .
4. Perhaps I could answer that question later.
UNIT 3
COMPANY STRUCTURE, MANAGEMENT
3.1. Прочитайте и выучите новые слова и выражения
1. performance – производительность, работа
2. application – подача заявления
3. screening – просмотр
4. recruitment – найм на работу
5. allowance – пособие
6. appraisal – поощрение
7. termination – прекращение
8. procedure – процедура, порядок
9. probationary period – испытательный срок
10. entitlement – имя, название, наименование
11. reprimand – выговор, замечание
12. applicant –человек, который подает заявление
13. turn down – отвергать ( предложение ); отказывать ( кому-л. )
14. selection methods – методы отбора
15. curriculum vitae автобиография
16. predecided criteria – заранее определенные критерии
17. reference – рекомендательное письмо
18. recruiter –сотрудник кадрового агентства
19. survey – исследование
20. weeding out – отсев
21. experience – опыт
22. academic qualifications – квалификация по диплому
23. link – связь