Управление образования г. Алматы
Алматинский государственный
гуманитарно-педагогический колледж №2
Специальность: 0512000
«Утверждаю»
«Переводческое дело» Зам. директора
по УР
Квалификация: 0512013
Чинюкина О. В.
«Переводчик»
«___» _________ 2014г.
Курсовая работа
По предмету: «Теория и практика
перевода»
«The complications of phraseological
units’ translation from English into Russian»
Выполнил:
Коробейников И. А.
Группа: ПД-38
Руководитель:
Мельникова К. С.
Алматы
2014
РЕЦЕНЗИЯ
На курсовую работу обучающегося
Алматинского государственного
гуманитарно-педагогического
колледжа № 2
Специальности: 0512000 – «Переводческое
дело»
Коробейникова
Ильи
По теме: « The complications of phraseological
units’ translation from English into Russian »
Фразеологизмы - это особенность
каждого языка, которая является одной
из самых интересных и, более того, одной
из самых сложных тем в рамках перевода.
Актуальность данного исследования
обусловлена необходимостью углубления
в историю языка , знанием тех или иных
деталей перевода и уяснением понятия
«ложные друзья переводчика», которые
встречаются в данной сфере довольно часто.
Перевод фразеологизмов фигурирует
как одна из самых сложных частей перевода,
потому что фразеологизмы в большей степени
являются частью истории языка.
Глава I “Theoretical aspects of phraseological
units’ translation” посвящена анализу истории
возникновения «фразеологии» и особенностям
перевода фразеологических единиц.
В главе II “The practical work in phraseological
units’ translation” рассматривается четыре
типа фразеологизмов и их переводы.
В заключении содержится обобщение
данной темы.
Считаем, что данная работа
соответствует всем требованиям, предъявляемым
к курсовой работе по специальности «Переводческое
дело» и может быть рекомендована к публичной
защите.
Научный руководитель: Мельникова К. С.,
преподаватель английского языка
«____» ____________ 2014 г. _______________/ _________________________
подпись
ФИО
Оценка _______________
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION …………………………………. |
4 |
I. THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF PHRASEOLOGICAL
UNITS’ TRANSLATION… |
5 |
- Subject and
tasks of phraseology……………….
|
5 |
1.2. Phraseological
meaning and their values ........... |
6 |
1.3. Types
of phraseological units …........................... |
7 |
| |
|
II. THE PRACTICAL WORK IN PHRASEOLOGICAL
UNITS’ TRANSLATION… |
25 |
2.1. The translation
of terms from owner`s manual of guitar........................................................................... |
25 |
2.2. The translation
of extract from a motorcycle catalogue…………………………………………….. |
27 |
CONCLUSION…………………………………...... |
32 |
REFERENCES ……………………………………. |
33 |
APPENDIX I.............................................................. |
35 |
APPENDIX II………………………………………. |
36 |
APPENDIX III……………………………………… |
59 |
INTRODUCTION
Theme of our course work is “The complication
phraseological units’ translation”. We think that it will be better
to begin from definition of translation in general and also from history
of phraseology.
Translation is the
way of word`s transmission from one language into another.
The word ‘translation’
derives from the Latin translatio (which itself comes from trans- and
fero, the supine form of which is latum, together meaning "to carry
across" or "to bring across"). The modern Romance languages
use words for translation derived from that source or from the alternative
Latin traduco ("to lead across"). The Slavic and Germanic
languages (except for the Dutch "vertaling", "literally"
a "re-language-ing") likewise use calques of these Latin sources.
English has a thousand-year history. During this
time it has accumulated a large number of expressions that people have
found successful, well-aimed and beautiful. And there was a special
part of the language - phraseology, a set of stable expressions that
have independent meaning.
Good knowledge of the language, including English,
is impossible without the knowledge of his phraseology. Phraseology
knowledge makes it easier to read as journalistic and fiction. Reasonable
use of phraseological units makes it more expressive.
With the help of phraseological expressions, which
are not translated literally, as perceived rethought, enhanced aesthetic
aspect of language.
THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF PHRASEOLOGICAL
UNITS’ TRANSLATION
1.1 Subject and tasks of phraseology
Phraseology - a branch of linguistics that studies
the stable combinations in the language. Phraseology is also known as
set of stable combinations in the language in general
As an independent linguistic discipline phraseology
arose relatively recently. Subject and objectives, scope and methods
of studying phraseology has not yet clearly defined. Least of all identified
problems about the main features of phraseological units compared to
free collocations, the classification of phraseological units and their
relationship with the parts of speech, etc. Linguists have not developed
consensus about what the idiom, and so there is no unity of opinion
on the composition of these units in the language. Some researchers
include in the phraseology idioms, others - only certain groups. Some
linguists (including Academician Vinogradov) do not include in the definition
of phraseological units proverbs and popular expressions, believing
that they are in their semantics and syntactic structure differ from
phraseological units. Vinogradov stated: "Proverbs have sentence
structure and are not semantically equivalent of words" Phraseology
develops principles of defining phraseological units, methods of study,
classification and description in dictionaries.
On the basis of existing research methods in linguistics
developed "phraseological own methods of analysis and description":
- Identification method - establishing the identities
of words and syntax, idioms forming, with their free analogues;
- Method of application, which is a variation of the
method of identification.
1.2 Phraseological meaning and
their values
Unfortunately English and American literature has
small number of linguistic works specifically devoted to the theory
of phraseology.
The term "phraseology" is currently understood
as a branch of linguistics that studies the phrase, and, on the other
hand, the set of all stable combinations of words of the language.
English idioms value is very high, because learning
a new language at the same time a person enters into a new national
culture, gets great spiritual wealth stored by studied languages.
In particular, the Russian student or common person
mastering a foreign language, in this case English, gets an opportunity
to join a highly national culture and history of the people of Britain.
Phraseology, as an integral part and a kind of treasure chest of any
language of the world, may be of particular help to this familiarization.
Collocations and phraseological combinations reflect the long history
of the English people, the uniqueness of its culture, life and traditions.
Idioms – it’s highly informative units of English.
In their most idiomatic expressions created by the people, so they are
closely linked to the interests and daily activities of ordinary people.
Many idioms associated with superstitions and traditions. However, most
English idioms emerged in the professional voice. All nations, all people
should cherish and preserve the integrity of idioms, because they are
the real treasure that helps understand all the secrets and mysteries
of language.
1.3 Types of phraseological units
Phraseological unit / set expression / idiom – a complex word-equivalent in which the globality of nomination reigns
supreme over the formal separability of elements. It is reproduced in
speech.
Typology of PU (according to the degree of motivation):
- unities, phraseological (q.v.);
- combinations, phraseological (q.v.);
- fusions, phraseological (q.v.).
Phraseology.
Alongside with
separate words speakers use larger blocks functioning as whole (consisting
› 1 word). In any language there are certain restrictions imposed
upon co-occurence of words.
They can be connected
with linguistic factors or the ties in the extra-linguistic reality.
Three types of lexical combinability of words:
1. Free combination
Grammatical properties of words are the main factor of their combinability.
Ex.:
I’m talking to you. You are writing.
Free combinations
permit substitution of any of its elements without semantic change of
the other element.
2. Collocations.
Ex.:
They are the habitual
associations of a word in a language with other particular words. Speakers
become accustomed to such collocations.
Very often they
are related to the referential & situational meaning of words.
Sometimes there are collocations, which are removed from the reference
to extra-linguistic reality.
(collocations involving, colour words)
Ex.:
To be green with jealousy
3. Idioms
Idioms are also
collocations, because they consist of several words that tend to be
used together, but the difference – we can’t guess the meaning of
the whole idiom from the meanings of its parts.
This criterion
is called the degree of semantic isolation.
In different types of idioms – it is different.
Ex.:
To cry a blue murder = to complain loudly
This classification of idioms according to their
structure:
3.1 Fixed idioms
It’s a 60-thousand dollar question = difficult
question
Fixed irregular (can be varied on the grammatical level)
to have a bee in one’s bonnet (She has.., I have...)
3.2 Variable (varied on the lexical level)
Ex.:
To add fuel to the fire/flame
To mind one’s own business /to mind one business
To nap a cat’s nap / to have a short nap (вздремнуть)
Semantic classification:
Two criteria:
The degree of semantic isolation
The degree of disinformation
- Opaque in meaning
(трудный для понимания)
The meaning of the individual words can’t be summed together to produce
the meaning of the whole.
Ex.:
To kick the bucket = to die
It contains no
clue to the idiomatic meaning of this expression
The degree of semantic
isolation is the highest. => phraseological fusions
- Semi-opaque
One component preserves its direct meaning
Ex.:
To pass the buck = to pass responsibility – свалить ответственность
- Transparent
Ex.: To see the light = to understand
There are lots of idioms (proverbs, saying).
Ex.: Curiosity killed the cat, but satisfaction brought
it back
Idioms institutionalized formulas of politeness:
Good-bye (God be with you)
Lots of clichés,
quotations.
Clichés form a notable part of the public speaking style. They use
clichés because of the intellectual laziness or in the hope of appealing
to emotions of smb.
A talk based on clichés is easier to produce.
Ex.: It’s high time to do smth
( these expressions are store in our mind, ready-made )
Quotations:
To support our
arguments, to add some prominence
Ex.: “I have a dream” M.L.King
They may be clipped
or shortened.
Ex.: To beer or not to beer (creates humorist effect)
Sources of idioms:
1. From our everyday life
Ex.: To be born with a silver spoon in one’s mouth
2. From the Bible
Ex.: Black sheep, lost sheep (заблудшая
овца)
3. World literature
Ex.: An ugly duckling (Danish) – гадкий
утенок
4. Different languages
Ex.: To lose face (Chinese)
5. From history
Ex.: To cross the Rubicon
Koonin classification:
1. With one peak
(one peak phraseological
units, one form word, one notional)
Ex.:
2. Phrasemes with the structure of coordinate word combination.
Ex.: