Английский язык

 
 

Контрольная работа № 2

   1. Read and translate the text. Do exercises following after the text.

1. EDUCATION IN BRITAIN

    The English educational system is much more complicated than in our country. In Britain boys and girls go to school from the age of five to fifteen; some go till the age of sixteen or eighteen. The children of the rich get a far better education than the children of the poorer classes. They attend expensive Public Schools, e.g. (=for example) Eton or Rugby where pupils have to pay much money for their studies. Later on many of them study at Oxford or Cambridge. High political and business positions are open to them. (complicated сложный; age возраст; rich богатый; poor бедный; expensive дорогой; pupil ученик).

    For children of the workers it is much more difficult to get a higher education. First they go to a Primary School. When they are eleven years old they have to sit for an examination (=to take an examination). The "less intelligent" go to a Secondary Modern School, the "intelligent" (about 20 per cent) go to a Secondary Technical School or to a Secondary Grammar School. The latter leads to the University. Many parents and teachers are against this examination and the separation of the children at this age.

    (intelligent умный, интеллектуальный; the latter последний (из перечисленных); to lead вести; against против; separation разделение)

    A new type of school, the Secondary Comprehensive School, does not separate the children. It provides a Secondary Grammar School course [ko:s] for interested pupils. These schools are showing good results. Progressive people support them and fight against all forms of privilege in education. (to provide обеспечивать; coarse курс; interested заинтересованный (зд. в учебе); to support поддерживать; to fight бороться)

2. Finish or add the following sentences, using information from the text:

1. The English educational system is rather complicated.
2. Children  begin  to  attend  school  from  the age  of five to fifteen.
3. They go to school sometimes till the age of sixteen or eighteen.
4. The children of the rich get a far better education than the children of the poorer classes.
5. Attending Public School children have to pay much money for their studies.
6. After Public School they study at Oxford or Cambridge.
7. It is much more difficult to get a higher education for the children of the workers.
8. When they are eleven they have to sit an examination.

 

3. Read the following statements and answer the questions using information from the text:

    1. After the examination the "less intelligent" go to a Secondary Modern School. The "intelligent" go to a Secondary Grammar School. What is the difference between these schools?

The students of the Secondary Grammar School or Secondary Technical School have a chance to enter the University.

2. At the age of eleven children have to take an examination. Many parents and teachers are against it. Why?

Yes, the children at the age of eleven have to take an examination. Many parents and teachers are against the separation of the children at this age. Because the “less intelligent”  children go to a Secondary Modern School and only 20 per cent of the “intelligent” children go to the Secondary Grammar School or Secondary Technical School. 

    

3. Progressive people support a new type of school the Secondary Comprehensive School. Why?

 

Progressive people support a new type of school the Secondary Comprehensive School because it does not separate the children. It provides a Secondary Grammar School course  for interested pupils. These schools are showing good results. Progressive people  fight against all forms of privilege in education.  
 

2. OXFORD

1. Read and translate the text with the help of the dictionary:

    There are more than thirty Universities in Great Britain. The biggest University of all modern English Universities is London University. The oldest English Universities are Oxford and Cambridge.

    Oxford was founded (был основан) in the 12th century as an aristocratic University and it remains aristocratic to the present day. Very few children from the working class can afford to study there as the cost of studies is very high. Students have to pay for everything-for using books, libraries, laboratories, for taking examinations, etc. (to remain оставаться; cost стоимость)

    Oxford's organization is very complicated. In fact the University is a collection of Colleges. There are 32 colleges in Oxford: 27 colleges for men and 5 colleges for women. Each college is a world of its own which gives its students a specialized training in arts, law, medicine, science, etc. The largest college has 500 students, the smallest college-100 students.

    The University is an administrative centre which arranges (= organizes) lectures for all students of the colleges, holds examinations and gives degrees.

    (complicated сложный;  arts гуманитарные науки; law закон; право; юриспруденция; degree степень)

       Oxford and Cambridge have a tutorial system of education and this is one of the ways in which Oxford and Cambridge differ from other English Universities. Every student has a tutor (=teacher) who plans his work and discusses it with the student after he has done it. Every student must see his tutor regularly and tell him everything about his studies. They discuss student’s work, papers and essays which every student has to write and to submit to his tutor. They discuss different scientific and social problems. Though this system of education has some advantages, it brings a student into personal contact with his tutor, and the latter tries to have a great social and political influence on his students.

    (to differ - отличаться; advantage - преимущество; influence - влияние)

       The academic year in England has three terms; each term lasts from eight to ten weeks. Terminal examinations take place at the end of autumn, spring and summer terms. Final examinations take place at the end of the course of studies. If a student fails in an examination, he may be allowed to take the exam again. But only two re-examinations are usually allowed. (terminal- семестровый) 

Оксфорд.

  В Великобритании  находятся более  30 Университетов.  Лондонский Университет  – самый большой  из всех современных  английских университетов.  Старейшими английскими  университетами считаются  Оксфорд и Кембридж.

    Оксфорд был основан  в 12 веке как  университет для  аристократов и  по сей день  напоминает о своей  принадлежности к  аристократии. Очень  мало детей из  рабочего класса  могут позволить  себе учиться там,  так как стоимость  обучения очень  высока. Студентам приходится оплачивать практически все – использование учебников, библиотеки, лаборатории, сдачу экзаменов и тд.

    Система Оксфорда довольно таки сложная. Фактически университет состоит из множества Колледжей. Всего в Оксфорде 32 колледжа : 27 колледжей для юношей и 5 колледжей для девушек. Каждый колледж имеет свою собственную структуру и дает своим студентам специальные навыки и знания в искусстве, юриспруденции, медицине, различных науках и тд. Самый большой колледж вмещает в себя 500 студентов, самый маленький – 100 человек.

    Университет –  это административный  центр, который  организует для  всех студентов  колледжей, принимает  экзамены и выдает  ученые степени.

    Оксфорд и Кембридж имеют университетскую систему прикрепления студентов к отдельным консультантам и это один из факторов, отличающих  Оксфорд и Кембридж от других университетов. Каждый студент имеет наставника (учителя), который планирует его работу и обсуждает ее со студентом после ее окончания. Каждый студент обязан регулярно встречаться со своим наставником и отчитываться в своей учебе. Они обсуждают работу студента, контрольные и сочинения, которые каждый студент обязан писать и представлять на рассмотрение своему учителю. Они обсуждают различные научные и общественные проблемы. Несмотря на то, что такая система образования имеет много преимуществ, она ставит студента в рамки личного общения с его наставником и в последующем оказывает огромное социальное и политическое влияние на студентов.

    Учебный год в  Англии имеет три  семестра; каждый  семестр длится  от восьми до  десяти недель. Семестровые  экзамены проходят  в конце осеннего, весеннего и летнего  семестра. Итоговые  экзамены сдаются  в конце курса  обучения. Если студент  проваливает экзамен,  он может быть  допущен к повторной  пересдаче. Но, как  правило, обычно  допускаются только  две пересдачи.

2. Answer the questions:

1. How many men and women colleges are there at Oxford?

There are 27 colleges for men and 5 colleges for women in Oxford.

2. What is a tutorial system of education? What are  its advantages and drawbacks (недостатки)?

A tutorial system of education is a system of education, where every student has a tutor, who plans his work and discusses it with the student.

3. How long does each term last?

Each term lasts from eight to ten weeks.

4. How many re-examinations are allowed as a rule?

Only two re-examinations are usually allowed. 
 

3. SOME ASPECTS OF BRITISH UNIVERSITY LITE

1. Read and translate the text. Put 5 questions in writing.

    Of the full-time students now attending English Universities three quarters are men, and one quarter women. Nearly half of them are engaged in the study of arts subjects such as history, languages, economics or law, the others are studying pure or applied sciences such as medicine, dentistry, technology, or agriculture.

    The University of London, for instance, includes internal and external students, the latter coming to London only to sit for their examinations. Actually most external students at London University are living in London. The colleges in the University of London are essentially teaching institutions, providing instruction chiefly by means of lectures, which are attended mainly by day students. The colleges of Oxford and Cambridge, however, are essentially residential institutions and they mainly use a tutorial method which brings the tutor into close and personal contact with the student. These colleges, being residential are necessarily far smaller than most of the colleges of the University of London.

    Education of University standard is also given in other institutions such as colleges of technology and agricultural colleges, which prepare their students for degrees or diplomas in their own fields.

    The three terms into which the British University year is divided are roughly eight to ten weeks. Each term is crowded with activity, and the vacations between the terms-a month at Christmas, a month at Easter, and three or four months in summer-are mainly periods of intellectual digestion and private study.

А. person studying for a degree at a British University is called a graduate.

B.A. or B.Sc. stand for bachelor of arts, or of Science, the first degree. M.A. or M.Sc. denotes Master of Arts, or of Science. One can become a B.A. after three years of hard study, and an M.A. at the end of five years. 

Некоторые факты из жизни британского университета.

    Среди студентов очного отделения, посещающих английские университеты, три четверти – это юноши и одна четверть – девушки. Около половины из них обучаются предметам искусства, таким как история, иностранные языки, экономика или юриспруденция, другие учатся только по профилю и занимаются такими науками, как медицина, стоматология, технология и сельское хозяйство.

    Университет Лондона,  к примеру, включает  в себя студентов колледжей университета и студентов-экстернов, последние приезжают в Лондон только для того, чтобы сдать экзамены. Вообще-то многие студенты-экстерны Лондонского Университета живут в Лондоне. Колледжи университета по существу работают как институты, организовывая образовательный процесс главным образом посредством лекций, которые посещаются в основном студентами дневного стационара. Колледжи Оксфорда и Кембриджа , однако, являются местными(привязанными к определенной местности) институтами и они главным образом используют наставнический метод обучения, который позволяет учителю иметь индивидуальный, близкий подход к студенту. Этим колледжам, которые остаются  территориальными(местными), приходится быть меньше, чем большинство колледжей Лондонского университета.

    Высшее университетское  образование также  можно получить  в других институтах, таких как технологические  колледжи и сельскохозяйственные  колледжи, которые  готовят студентов  к научным степеням  или дипломам по  дисциплинам, которые  они изучают.

    Три семестра, на  которые делится учебный год в Британии, составляют приблизительно от восьми до десяти недель. Каждый семестр загружен занятиями, а каникулы между семестрами – это : месяц на Рождество, месяц на Пасху, и три-четыре месяца летом – главные периоды для усвоения полученных знаний и самостоятельного обучения.

    Студент, который  претендует на  получение ученой  степени,  называется  выпускник.

     Степени  B.A.  или B.Sc. вручаются Бакалавру Искусств и Бакалавру Естественных Наук соответственно, первая степень   M.A. или M.Sc. означает Магистр Искусств или Магистр Наук. Студент может получить степень B.A. после трех лет усердной учебы, и степень M.A. по окончании пятилетнего обучения.

Questions :

1. How many men and women study at British Universities?
2. What subjects do they usually study?
3. What are the differences between internal and external students of the University of London?
4. What method of education is used at the colleges of Cambridge and Oxford?
5. How many terms has the British University Year?

 

4. UNIVERSITY CLASSES IN THE UNITED STATES

1. Read the text and answer the questions.

    Students from other countries often ask questions concerning university classes in the United States. There are usually four kinds of classes in American universities. First, many subjects are taught in Lecture classes. Lecture classes are often large. The professor speaks from notes or from a written lecture concerning the subject of the course. Lecture classes are valuable because the professors who teach them are specialists in their fields, and students who take accurate notes of a lecture profit (=learn much) by the experience and knowledge of the lectures.

    The second kind of university class is the Recitation class. Recitation classes can be divided into two groups. When Recitation classes are held in addition to Lecture classes during the same course, the class is called a Quiz Section. The second kind of Recitation class is not combined with a Lecture class. In such classes the instructor talks informally .and asks questions. The students can also ask questions. Recitation classes are usually rather small, so that each student can have an opportunity to participate (=to take part) in the discussion.

    The first two kinds of university classes are for both elementary and advanced students. However, the third kind of class, the Seminar class, is for advanced students only.

    The Seminar class meets in a room which contains a large table. The students and the professor sit around the table and discuss special problems connected with the subject of the course. In a Seminar class, the students prepare reports upon their own research and read these reports to the rest of the class.